Quinine
Until the 1930's, quinine,
found in the bark of the Cinchona tree, was the only drug that over a long period
of time remained effective for treating malaria.
However, quinine produced several undesirable side effects. People who were
repeatedly treated for malaria with quinine or inadequately treated would develop
liver failure, kidney failure, destruction of blood cells, meningitis, and rupture
of the spleen, which would lead to massive hemorrhaging.
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